Spotlight on SOTL: Game On! A Framework for Designing and Implementing Game-Based Learning Courses

This article is based on the following research article:

Scholz, K. W., Komornicka, J. N., & Moore, A. (2021). Gamifying history: Designing and implementing a game-based learning course design framework. Teaching & Learning Inquiry, 9(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.20343/9.1.9

The study explores the development and implementation of a game-based learning course design framework aimed at enhancing student engagement in higher education. Using a third-year history course at the University of Waterloo as a case study, the framework combines narrative-driven assignments, learner discovery, team collaboration, and task choice to gamify the learning experience.

What did the researchers do and find?

Game-based learning or gamification is an instructional approach that integrates game mechanics, such as competition, rewards, and challenges, into educational experiences to enhance engagement and motivation. The researchers developed a game-based learning framework centered on four elements: narrative assignment design, learner discovery, team collaboration/competition, and choice through quests. A narrative assignment design incorporates storytelling elements into coursework, framing assignments within a compelling and immersive experience.  Such a framework was integrated into a third-year history course about the Black Death. They conducted a mixed-methods study involving pre-/post-questionnaires, focus groups, and classroom observations to evaluate student engagement and perceptions.

The researchers found that students were most engaged by the narrative and role-playing game elements, particularly those that fostered historical empathy and immersive learning. Initially resistant to group work, students later recognized the benefits of long-term team collaboration, which fostered a sense of community and motivated them to perform better. Bonus assignments or “side-quests” motivated some students but required clearer incentives for broader participation. Over time, students overcame initial confusion which stemmed from unfamiliarity with game-based learning terminology and the course structure. As they became more accustomed to the framework, they appreciated the innovative teaching approach, ultimately finding it beneficial for their learning experience.

How might you use this research in your teaching?

The game-based learning course design framework developed by the researchers is structured around six key stages to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Here’s a brief overview of each stage:

1. Start with a Core Problem: The framework begins with identifying a core problem relevant to the course content. This problem serves as the central theme around which the entire course is structured which creates a meaningful connection between the learners and the content.
2. Establish Learning Outcomes: Clearly defined learning outcomes are essential for both instructors and learners. These outcomes guide the design of the course and ensure that all activities and assessments are aligned with the intended educational goals.
3. Develop an Engaging Narrative: An engaging narrative ties together the core problem and learning outcomes. This narrative provides context and relevance to the course material, making it more interesting and immersive for students.
4. Build Teams and Encourage Creativity: Students are organized into course-long teams. These teams work collaboratively on tasks and assignments, fostering a sense of community and shared responsibility. Encouraging creativity within teams helps to further engage students and enhance their investment in the course.
5. Provide Choice of Tasks to Complete: Offering students a choice in the tasks they complete allows them to pursue areas of interest and take ownership of their learning. This flexibility can increase motivation and engagement, as students feel more in control of their educational journey.
6. Celebrate Learner Successes: Recognizing and celebrating student achievements is crucial for maintaining motivation and engagement. This stage involves reflecting on team performance, acknowledging individual contributions, and celebrating successes, which helps to reinforce positive learning experiences.

By blending creativity, independence, and teamwork, this gamified framework makes learning an exciting adventure—one where students are in control of their success. Ready to level up your teaching? Let the games begin!